© 2019 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. The gastrula organizer, an embryonic tissue, has a central role in early development of all eumetazoans, from cnidarians to vertebrates. Here, we describe a simple yet efficient protocol to perform these grafts using the anuran Xenopus laevis. The dorsal lip is formed during early gastrulation as folding of tissue along the involuting marginal zone of the Blastocoel - Wikipedia forms an opening known as the blastopore. Transplantation of the dorsal lip from a Xenopus embryo into the ventral region of a different host embryo demonstrated that an entire secondary axis would form using the. The dorsal blastopore lip is now called the Spemann-Mangold organizer. The dorsal lip of the developing gastrula was thus denoted as the Spemann-Mangold organizer for its role in neural induction and organization of developing neural tissues. This meant that the dorsal blastopore lip was able to organize an almost complete embryo out of ventral tissue. Because of the difference in embryo pigmentation between the two Triturus species, they determined that the bulk of the secondary embryo arose from the host embryo while the grafted tissue per se gave increase to the notochord and a few somitic cells. These experiments resulted in the development of conjoined twins attached through their belly. They performed these grafts using two newt species with different pigmentation ( Triturus taeniatus and Triturus cristatus) to follow the fate of the grafted tissue. In 1924, Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold (née Pröscholdt) published their famous work describing the transplantation of dorsal blastopore lip of one newt gastrula embryo onto the ventral side of a host embryo at the same stage.
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